Aalto Bio Reagents BC 6338 说明书

世界*实验材料供应商 Aalto Bio Reagents上海金畔生物为其中国代理, Aalto Bio Reagents在一直是行业的*,一直为广大科研客户提供zui为的产品和服务,上海金畔生物一直秉承为中国科研客户带来的产品,的服务, Aalto Bio Reagents就是为了给广大科研客户带来更加完善的产品和服务,您的满意将是我们zui大的收获

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Aalto Bio Reagents成立于1978年,体外诊断行业和研究实验室的供应商我们为本行业中zui大的跨国公司提供广泛的纯化人类蛋白质; 单克隆和多克隆抗体; 真菌,寄生虫,细菌和病毒抗原; 和疾病状态血浆用于体外诊断应用。 

 

West Nile Virus Antigen, New York Strain 385-99 BC 6338

西尼罗河病毒抗原,纽约株385-99 BC 6338

 

PRODUCT CODE BC 6338
SHELF LIFE 5 years from date of manufacture
SOURCE West Nile virus – New York Strain 385-99
CULTURE SYSTEM Vero E6 cell culture
PRESENTATION PBS buffer, pH 7.4 with <0.001% CHAPS detergent and <0.0005% Tween
PROTEIN CONCENTRATION mg/ml by Bradford (Biorad) assay
INACTIVATION Beta-propiolactone treatment and detergent inactivated*
INFECTIVITY ASSAY After 7 days of incubation no cytopathic effect (CPE) is observed
PRESERVATIVE None
STORAGE Frozen (-70ºC)
Avoid repeated freezing and thawing
*CAUTION Although inactivated, please handle with appropriate precautions

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

   

 

BIOCHECK BC-1303操作方法

BIOCHECK Inc.是新抗体发现和免疫测定开发服务的综合提供商。利用我们专有的B细胞克隆技术,我们可以直接富集阳性B细胞,分离IgG基因并表达用于各种应用的重组抗体。我们还是免疫诊断领域的开发商和制造商,在将新的IVD产品推向市场方面拥有丰富的经验。除了ELISA之外,我们现在还包括使用Simoa™技术(单分子阵列)进行超灵敏检测的分析开发,这是一种检测低丰度生物标记物的强大工具。

PD-L1 ENZYME IMMUNOASSAY TEST KIT Catalog Number: BC-1303

pd-l1酶免疫测定试剂盒目录编号:bc-1303

 

酶免疫法定量测定人血清和血浆中Pd-L1的浓度

 

只作研究用途

 

不适用于诊断程序

 

介绍

 

程序性死亡受体-配体1(pd-l1,b7-h1,cd 274)是b7家族的一种生物标志物,在多种细胞上表达,并在多种促炎细胞因子(如int)作用下被上调。 ERFERFON GAMMA 1,2,3。pd-L1与耗尽的T细胞表达的辅助受体pd-1相互作用,通过减少T细胞受体介导的增殖,促进免疫抑制性肿瘤微环境的形成。 N和细胞因子产生4,5。pd-1/pd-l1相互作用在免疫编辑过程中起着免疫检查点的作用,宿主免疫系统在此过程中消除了高免疫原性肿瘤。 使较少的免疫原性肿瘤逃避2,6。包括黑色素瘤、肾细胞癌、非小细胞肺癌、卵巢癌和结直肠癌在内的多种实体肿瘤类型利用pd-1/pd-L。 1免疫编辑机制。目前的治疗主要集中在阻断PD-1/Pd-L1相互作用,通过抑制Pd-1来减少肿瘤的逃逸,而Pd-L1和1,2则是新的研究重点。

测定原理

 

pd-L1酶联免疫吸附试验基于固相酶联免疫吸附试验的原理.该检测系统利用一种*的单克隆抗体对,针对一种*的抗原性测定方法。 Pd-L1分子上的蚂蚁。用一种小鼠抗Pd-L1单克隆抗体进行固相固定化(在微滴度井上)。另一种与马血清结合的单克隆抗pd-l1抗体 盘过氧化物酶(HRP)存在于酶的共轭溶液中。测试样本被允许与这两种抗体顺序反应,导致pd-l1分子被夹在溶胶之间。 ID期和酶解抗体。在室温下进行两次单独的60分钟孵育后,用洗涤缓冲液冲洗水井,除去未结合的标记抗体。添加TMB试剂 ED在黑暗条件下孵育20分钟,形成蓝色。随着停止解决方案的添加,颜色开发停止,将颜色更改为黄色。 Pd-L1的浓度与样品的颜色强度成正比。在450 nm处分光度法测定吸光度。

 

提供的试剂和材料

 

1.抗体包被井(1板,96井)微滴度井,用小鼠单克隆抗pd-l1包被。

 

2.20 ng/ml Pd-L1标准品(0.5 mL/小瓶)20 ng/mL Pd-L1在含防腐剂的磷酸盐缓冲液-BSA溶液中

 

3.标准稀释剂和样品稀释剂(30 mL/瓶,1瓶)含有含防腐剂的磷酸盐缓冲液-bsa溶液。

 

4.酶结合试剂(12 mL/小瓶,1小瓶)含有与辣根过氧化物酶结合的小鼠单克隆抗pd-l1。

 

20倍洗涤剂磷酸盐缓冲液(50 mL/瓶,1瓶)

 

TMB试剂(11 mL/瓶,1瓶)含有一步TMB溶液。

 

7. 停液(11 mL/瓶,1瓶)含有稀释盐酸(1NHCl)

 

 

贮藏条件

 

1.将未打开的工具包保存在2-8°C,收到后,当它没有使用,直到到期显示在工具包标签上。有关过期日期,请参阅包标签。

 

2.将微滴度板放在一个装有干燥剂的密封袋中,以尽量减少对潮湿空气的暴露。

 

试剂准备

 

1.所有试剂在使用前应允许达到室温(18-25°C)。

 

2.对于每次测试运行,准备一个新的标准集。

 

3.稀释20 ng/mL标准品至5ng/mL。用标准/样品稀释剂制备5纳克/mL标准的两倍系列稀释剂:

 

a.5 ng/mL:0.15mL 20 ng/mL标准品/样品稀释剂0.45mL

 

b.2.5纳克/毫升:0.25毫升5纳克/毫升标准品/样品稀释剂

 

c.1.25纳克/毫升:0.25毫升2.5纳克/毫升标准品/样品稀释剂

 

d.0.625 ng/mL:1.25ng/mL标准品/样品稀释剂0.25mL

 

e.0.313 ng/mL:0.25mL 0.625 ng/mL标准品/样品稀释剂

 

f.0.156 ng/mL:0.25mL 0.313 ng/mL标准稀释剂

 

g.0.078 ng/mL:0.25mL 0.156 ng/mL标准稀释剂

 

H.0 ng/mL:0.25 mL标准稀释剂

 

5.病人样本在使用前需要稀释4倍。制备一系列小管(即1.5 mL微离心管),将60L血清与180 L标准/样品稀释剂混合。

 

6. 工作洗涤缓冲器:从20倍库存中制备1倍洗涤缓冲液。加入50毫升的20倍洗涤缓冲液库存到950毫升的直接水。工作洗涤缓冲液在2~8°C温度下稳定运行30天.注:任何晶体 这可能是由于高盐浓度的存在,必须在室温下再溶解,然后再进行稀释。

检测程序

 

1.准备标准。见试剂准备。

 

2.稀释样品1:4稀释。见试剂准备。

 

3.确保所需数量的涂层井在保持架。

 

4.配发Pd-L1标准的100mL,并将样品稀释到适当的井中.

 

5.室温(18-25°C)孵育60 min.

 

6.将培养皿中的内容物倒入废容器中,将孵化器中的混合物移除。用300mL工作水洗缓冲液冲洗微滴水井5次。把井打在吸水性纸或p上 锥度毛巾,以消除所有残余水滴。

 

7.将pd-L1工作酶结合剂的100mL分配到每口井中.

 

8.室温(18-25°C)孵育60 min.

 

9.将培养皿中的内容物倒入废容器中,将孵化器中的混合物移除。用300 ul工作水洗缓冲液冲洗微滴水井5次。把井打在吸水性纸或p上 锥度毛巾,以消除所有残余水滴。

 

10.在每口井中分配100mL TMB溶液。

 

11.室温(18-25°C)孵育20分钟.

 

12.通过在每口井中加入100mL的停止溶液来停止反应。

 

13.轻轻搅拌30秒。重要的是要确保所有的蓝色*变成黄色。

 

14. 在450 nm处读取吸光度,15分钟内使用微滴度良好的阅读器。

统计

 

1.计算每组参考标准、对照和样品的平均吸光度值(OD 450)。

 

2.通过绘制每个参考标准的平均吸光度(以纳克/毫升为单位)绘制在图表纸上,在垂直(Y)轴上绘制吸光度,并绘制标准曲线。 水平(X)轴的接触。

 

3.用每个样品的平均吸光度值,从标准曲线上测定相应的Pd-L1浓度(ng/mL)。取决于经验和/或Comput的可用性 可以采用其他的数据缩减方法。

 

4.得到的样品值应乘以稀释倍数为4,才能得到Pd-L1的结果纳克/毫升。

 

标准曲线实例

 

一个典型的标准运行结果,吸光度读数在450 nm处显示在Y轴上,而pd-L1浓度显示在X轴上。注:本标准曲线为图示目的。 仅用于计算未知数,不应用于计算未知数。每个实验室必须在每个实验中生成自己的数据和标准曲线。

 

工作特性

 

用2SD法测定的Pd-L1酶联免疫吸附试验的低检出浓度为0.02ng/ml,低检出浓度为0.02ng/ml。

 

精度a.在一次测定中,通过对三种不同样品的重复测定,确定了内测精密度.批内可变性如下所示:

 

b.在一系列单独校准的测试中,通过对三个不同样本的重复测量,确定了运行间精密度。批间变异显示b。 below在下面,到下面

 

  • 回收率和线性研究。回收样品加入已知的Pd-L1水平,并一式两份进行测定。平均回收率为90%。

 

 

 

 

b. 对三个样品进行连续稀释,以确定线性度。平均回收率为110.3%。

 

 

参考

1.赫布斯特,罗伊S.,等人。肿瘤患者对抗PD-L1抗体MPDL3280A的反应预测相关。“自然”515.7528(2014年):563。

 

2.帕特尔,桑迪普·普拉文和拉泽尔·库兹洛克。pd-L1的表达是肿瘤免疫治疗中的一个预测生物标志物。分子癌症治疗学14.4(2015):847-856。

 

3.书名/作者责任者:by L.靶向PD-1/B7-H1(PD-L1)通路,激活抗肿瘤免疫。免疫学新意见24.2(2012年):207-212。

 

4.布兰克克里斯汀和安德烈亚斯·马肯森。PD-L1/PD-1通路对T细胞衰竭的贡献:慢性感染和肿瘤逃避的新研究进展。癌症免疫学 治疗,疗法,疗效 56.

 

5(2007):739-745。5.Barber,Daniel L.,等。慢性病毒感染时衰竭CD8 T细胞的功能恢复“自然”439.7077(2006年):682。

 

6.Teng,Michele WL,等。根据T细胞浸润和pd-L1分类癌症。癌症研究75.11(2015):2139-2145。

 

 

 

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BIOCHECK bc-1301操作方法

BIOCHECK Inc.是新抗体发现和免疫测定开发服务的综合提供商。

PD-1 ENZYME IMMUNOASSAY TEST KIT   Catalog Number: BC-1301

 

pd-1酶免疫测定试剂盒   目录编号:bc-1301

 

酶免疫法定量测定人血清和血浆中Pd-1浓度

 

只作研究用途

 

不适用于诊断程序

 

介绍

程序性细胞死亡蛋白1(pd-1,CD 279,pdd 1)是一种细胞表面受体,是调节T细胞炎症活动和维持免疫外周耐受的关键。 系统(1)。pd-1可以与配体pd-l1和pd-l2t相互作用。pd-1具有胞外IGV结构域、跨膜结构域和胞内尾部两个磷酸化位点(shp-1和shp-2)。 o下调免疫系统,抑制T细胞活性(2)。抗原识别后,活化的T细胞在其表面表达pd-1,产生干扰素,诱导pd的表达。 -L1,从而促进细胞凋亡或细胞死亡。(3)当被肿瘤细胞劫持时,pd-1配体的异常表达抑制免疫调节的T细胞活化,导致疾病进展。 (表示方向)向 (4).

 

血清和血浆中Pd-1水平升高与类风湿关节炎和皮肤硬化有关(5,6)。Pd-1主要由肿瘤浸润的T细胞(7)表达.进一步区域 研究表明,使用针对pd-1免疫检查点的单克隆抗体有助于在理解和治疗黑色素瘤和其他vario等癌症方面取得突破性进展。 美国非小细胞肺癌(4)。

测定原理

 

pd-1酶联免疫吸附试验是以固相酶联免疫吸附试验为基础的.该检测系统使用了针对不同抗原决定的*的单克隆抗体对。 pd-1分子上的NT。用一种小鼠抗PD-1单克隆抗体进行固相固定(在微滴度井上).另一种与辣根碱结合的单克隆抗pd-1抗体 过氧化物酶(HRP)存在于酶的共轭溶液中。测试样本被允许与这两种抗体依次反应,导致pd-1分子被夹在固体ph之间。 ASE和酶解抗体。在室温下进行两次单独的60分钟孵育后,用洗涤缓冲液冲洗水井,除去未结合的标记抗体。添加了TMB试剂 D在黑暗条件下孵育20分钟,形成蓝色。随着停止解决方案的添加,颜色开发停止,将颜色更改为黄色。c Pd-1的浓度与样品的颜色强度成正比.在450 nm处分光度法测定吸光度。

 

提供的试剂和材料

 

抗体包被井(1板,96井)微滴度井,用小鼠单克隆抗pd-1包被。

 

含防腐剂的磷酸盐缓冲液-BSA溶液中50 ng/ml Pd-1标准品(0.5 mL/小瓶)

 

标准稀释剂和样品稀释剂(30 mL/瓶,1瓶)含有含防腐剂的磷酸盐缓冲液-bsa溶液。

 

酶结合试剂(12 mL/小瓶,1小瓶)含有与辣根过氧化物酶结合的小鼠单克隆抗pd-1。

 

20倍洗涤剂磷酸盐缓冲液(50 mL/瓶,1瓶)

 

TMB试剂(11 mL/瓶,1瓶)含有一步TMB溶液。

 

停液(11 mL/瓶,1瓶)含有稀释盐酸(1NHCl)

 

贮藏条件

 

将未打开的工具包保存在2-8°C,收到后,当它没有使用,直到到期显示在工具包标签上。有关过期日期,请参阅包标签。

 

将微滴度板放在一个装有干燥剂的密封袋中,以尽量减少对潮湿空气的暴露。

 试剂准备

 

1.所有试剂在使用前应允许达到室温(18-25°C)。

 

2.对于每次测试运行,准备一个新的标准集。

 

3.用标准/样品稀释剂稀释50~10 ng/mL。用标准/样品稀释剂制备10 ng/mL标准的双倍系列稀释剂:

 

a.10纳克/毫升:0.12毫升50纳克/毫升0.48毫升标准品/样品稀释剂

 

b.5纳克/毫升:0.25毫升10纳克/毫升标准品/样品稀释剂

 

c.2.5纳克/毫升:0.25毫升5纳克/毫升标准品/样品稀释剂

 

1.25ng/mL:0.25毫升2.5纳克/毫升标准品/样品稀释剂

 

e.0.625 ng/mL:1.25ng/mL标准品/样品稀释剂0.25mL

 

f.0.313 ng/mL:0.25mL/0.625 ng/mL标准品/样品稀释剂2

 

标准稀释剂0.156 ng/mL:0.313 ng/mL 0.25mL

 

i.0 ng/mL:0.25 mL标准稀释剂

 

5.病人样本在使用前需要稀释4倍。制备一系列小管(即1.5 mL微离心管),将60L血清与180 L标准/样品稀释剂混合。

 

6.工作洗涤缓冲器:从20倍库存中制备1倍洗涤缓冲液。加入50毫升的20倍洗涤缓冲液库存到950毫升的直接水。工作洗涤缓冲液在2~8°C温度下稳定运行30天.注:任何晶体 这可能是由于高盐浓度的存在,必须在室温下再溶解,然后再进行稀释。

 

检测程序

 

准备标准。见试剂准备。

 

稀释样品1:4稀释。见试剂准备。

 

确保所需数量的涂层井在保持架。

 

配发Pd-1标准的100mL,并将样品稀释到适当的井中.

 

室温(18-25°C)孵育60 min.

 

将培养皿中的内容物倒入废容器中,将孵化器中的混合物移除。用300mL工作水洗缓冲液冲洗微滴水井5次。把水井打到吸水纸或纸上 r毛巾去除所有残留水滴。

 

将Pd-1工作酶结合剂的100mL配伍到每口井中.

 

室温(18-25°C)孵育60 min.

 

将培养皿中的内容物倒入废容器中,将孵化器中的混合物移除。用300 ul工作水洗缓冲液冲洗微滴水井5次。把水井打到吸水纸或纸上 r毛巾去除所有残留水滴。

 

在每口井中分配100mL TMB溶液。

 

室温(18-25°C)孵育20分钟.

 

通过在每口井中加入100mL的停止溶液来停止反应。

 

轻轻搅拌30秒。重要的是要确保所有的蓝色*变成黄色。

 

14.在450 nm处读取吸光度,15分钟内使用微滴度良好的阅读器。

 

统计

 

计算每组参考标准、对照和样品的平均吸光度值(OD 450)。

 

通过绘制每个参考标准的平均吸光度(以纳克/毫升为单位)绘制在图表纸上,并在垂直(Y)轴和浓度上绘制一条标准曲线。 在水平(X)轴上。

 

用每个样品的平均吸光度值,从标准曲线上测定相应的Pd-1浓度(ng/mL)。视经验和/或计算机可用情况而定 可以使用其他的数据缩减方法。

 

样品的检出值应乘以稀释倍数为4,得到Pd-1的结果为ng/ml。

 

标准曲线实例

 

一个典型的标准运行结果,吸光度读数在450 nm处显示在Y轴上,而pd-1浓度显示在X轴上。注:这条标准曲线是为了说明 仅用于计算未知数,不应用于计算未知数。每个实验室必须在每个实验中生成自己的数据和标准曲线。

工作特性

 

敏感,感受性

 

用2SD法测定的Pd-1酶联免疫吸附试验的低检出浓度为0.15ng/ml。

 

度,准确(性)

 

  1. 在一次测定中,通过对三种不同样品的重复测定,确定了内测精密度.批内可变性如下所示:

b.在一系列单独校准的测试中,通过对三个不同样本的重复测量,确定了运行间精密度。批间变异显示b。 below在下面,到下面

1.回收率和线性研究。回收样品加入已知的Pd-1水平,并一式两份进行测定。平均回收率为105.3%。

b. 对三个样品进行连续稀释,以确定线性度。平均回收率为99.6%。

 

参考

费夫,B.T.,&Pauken,K.E.(2011年)。PD-1通路在自身免疫和外周耐受中的作用。“纽约科学院年鉴”,1217(1),45-59。

 

Riella,L.V.,Paterson,A.M.,Sharpe,A.H.,&Chandraker,A.(2012)。PD-1通路在免疫应答中的作用。美国移植杂志:美国社会杂志 移植和美国移植外科医生协会,12(10),2575-2587。

 

Zak,Krzysztof&Kitel,Radosław&Przetocka,Sara&Golik,Przemysław&Guzik,Katarzyna&Musielak,Bogdan&D mling,Alexander&Dubin,Grzegorz&Holak,Tad。(2015年)。胡氏情结结构 人类编程死亡1,pd-1,及其配体PD-L1。结构。23.。10.1016/j.str.2015.09.010。

 

Zoran Gatalica,卡丽·斯奈德,托德·马尼,阿纳托尔·加扎尔普尔,丹尼尔·霍特曼,年青肖,佩吉·奥夫伯格,因加罗斯,加吉·巴苏,塞米尔·弗拉尼茨,亨利·林奇,丹尼尔·冯霍夫和奥米德·哈米 d.程序化细胞死亡1(PD-1)及其配体(PD-L1)在常见癌症中的作用及其与分子肿瘤类型的关系。癌症流行病学研究2014年12月1日(23)(12)2965-2970。

 

Greisen,S.,Rasmussen,T.,Stengaard-Pedersen,K.,Hetland,M.,H rselv-Petersen,K.,Hvid,M.,&Deleuran,B.(2013年)。可溶性程序性死亡1(spd-1)的增加与疾病活动有关。 早期类风湿关节炎的影像学进展。斯堪的纳维亚风湿病学杂志,43(2),101-108。

 

Yanaba,K.,Hayashi,M.,Yoshihara,Y.,&Nakagawa,H.(2016)。系统性硬化症患者血清可溶性程序性死亡-1和程序性死亡配体-1水平与皮肤硬化程度的关系 。皮肤科杂志,43(8),954-957。

 

7.Ahmadzadeh,M.,Johnson,L.A.,Heemskerk,B.,Wunderlich,J.R.,Dudley,M.E.,White,D.E.,&Rosenberg,S.A.(2009年)。肿瘤抗原特异性CD8 T细胞浸润肿瘤高表达水平 Pd-1的LS和功能受损。血液,114(8),1537-1544。

BioCheck新产品BC-1303 说明书

世界*实验材料供应商 BioCheck上海金畔生物为其中国代理, BioCheck在一直是行业的*,一直为广大科研客户提供zui为的产品和服务,上海金畔生物一直秉承为中国科研客户带来的产品,的服务, BioCheck就是为了给广大科研客户带来更加完善的产品和服务,您的满意将是我们zui大的收获

 BioCheck中国代理, BioCheck上海代理, BioCheck北京代理,BioCheck广东代理, BioCheck江苏代理BioCheck湖北代理,BioCheck天津,BioCheck黑龙江代理,BioCheck内蒙古代理,BioCheck吉林代理,BioCheck福建代理, BioCheck江苏代理, BioCheck浙江代理, BioCheck四川代理

BIOCHECK公司由创始人 Dr. John Chen, Medix创立, 是一家抓也提供肿瘤标志物,心肌标志物,激素类zui高性价比的抗体的公司。
  

简要原理

利用竞争酶联免疫方法,预先在微孔中包被羊抗兔抗体,实验时先后加入氯霉素标准品或待测样本,氯霉素酶标抗原和兔抗氯霉素抗体。经过室温温育,反应液中的兔抗氯霉素抗体与微孔板上的羊抗兔抗体结合,待测样品中的抗原与氯霉素酶标抗原竞争微孔板上的兔抗氯霉素抗体。洗涤后,没有与抗

体结合的待测样品中的抗原或酶标抗原被洗去,再加入反应底物,结合的酶标抗原的酶将底物转化为蓝色产物,加入终止液后颜色由蓝色变为黄色。反应完成后,样品中氯霉素含量越多,反应呈色就越浅;反之,样品中氯霉素含量越少,则呈色越深。利用标准曲线可计算出样品中氯霉素含量。

技术参数

   检测蜂蜜、蛋类、牛奶、奶粉、水产品、动物组织(肌肉、肝脏等)、饲料、血清、血浆及尿液样本中存在的氯霉素,定量限可达0.025 ppb。

No.

样品

检测下限

1

蜂蜜

0.02 ppb (0.02 ng/g)

2

蛋类

0.02 ppb (0.02 ng/g)

3

牛奶

0.002 ppb (0.002 ng/ml)

4

奶粉

0.012 ppb (0.012 ng/g)

5

虾,鱼及肉类

0.08 ppb (0.08 ng/g)

6

饲料

0.08 ppb (0.08 ng/g)

7

血清/血浆

0.02 ppb (0.02 ng/ml)

8

尿液

0.04 ppb (0.04 ng/ml)

 

交叉反应

名称

百分比

氯霉素碱

0.4%

甲基氯霉素

<0.04%

 

回收率                                        

No.

样品

回收率

1

蜂蜜

70% ~ 110%

2

牛奶

90% ~ 130%

3

蛋,虾,鱼及肉类

95% ~ 120%

4

饲料

95% ~ 120%

5

血清 / 血浆

90% ~ 120%

6

尿液

100% ~ 130%

 

PD-L1 ENZYME IMMUNOASSAY TEST KIT

Catalog Number: BC-1303

Enzyme Immunoassay for the Quantitative Determination of PD-L1 Concentration in Human Serum and Plasma

 

FOR RESEARCH USE ONLY

Not for use in diagnostic procedures

INTRODUCTION

Programmed death receptor-ligand 1 (PD-L1, B7- H1, CD274) is a biomarker from the B7 family that is expressed on a variety of cells and upregulated in response to pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interferon gamma1,2,3. PD-L1 interacts with PD-1, a co-receptor expressed by exhausted T cells, to encourage an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment by decreasing T cell receptor mediated proliferation and cytokine production4, 5. The PD-1/PD-L1 interaction functions as an immune checkpoint in a process known as immunoediting where the host immune system eliminates highly immunogenic tumors while allowing less immunogenic tumor to evade it2, 6. Multiple solid tumor types including melanoma, renal cell carcinoma, non-small cell lung cancer, ovarian, and colorectal cancer utilize this PD-1/PD -L1 immunoediting mechanism2. Current treatment has focused on blocking the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction to reduce tumor evasion by inhibiting PD-1, with new focus on PD-L1 as well1, 2.

PRINCIPLE OF THE ASSAY

The PD-L1 ELISA is based on the principle of a solid phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The assay system utilizes a unique monoclonal antibody pair directed against a distinct antigenic determinant on the PD-L1 molecule. One mouse monoclonal anti- PD- L1 antibody is used for solid phase immobilization (on the microtiter wells). Another mouse monoclonal anti-PD-L1 antibody conjugated to horseradish peroxidase (HRP) is in the enzyme conjugate solution. The test samples are allowed to react sequentially with the two antibodies, resulting in the PD-L1 molecules to be sandwiched between the solid phase and enzyme-linked antibodies. After two separate 60- minute incubation steps at room temperature, the wells are rinsed with Wash Buffer to remove unbound labeled antibodies. TMB Reagent is added and incubated for 30 minutes under dark conditions, resulting in the development of a blue color. The color development is stopped with the addition of Stop Solution, changing the color to yellow. The concentration of

PD-L1 is directly proportional to the color intensity of the test samples. Absorbance is measured spectrophotometrically at 450 nm.

REAGENTS AND MATERIALS PROVIDED

  • Antibody-Coated Wells (1 plate, 96 wells)

Microtiter wells coated with mouse monoclonal anti-PD-L1

  • 20 ng/ml PD-L1 Standard (0.5 mL /vial)

20 ng/mL PD-L1 in phosphate buffer-BSA solution with preservatives

3. Standard and Sample Diluent (30 mL/bottle, 1 bottle)

Contains phosphate buffer-BSA solution with preservatives

  • Enzyme Conjugate Reagent (12 mL/vial, 1 vial)

Contains mouse monoclonal anti-PD-L1 conjugated to horseradish peroxidase

  • 20X Wash Buffer (50 mL/bottle, 1 bottle) Phosphate buffer with detergents
  • TMB Reagent (11 mL/bottle, 1 bottle)

Contains one-step TMB solution

  • Stop Solution (11 mL/bottle, 1 bottle)

Contains diluted hydrochloric acid (1N HCl)

 

STORAGE CONDITIONS

  • Store the unopened kit at 2-8°C upon receipt and when it is not in use, until the expiration shown on the kit label. Refer to the package label for the expiration date.
  • Keep microtiter plate in a sealed bag with desiccant to minimize exposure to damp air.

REAGENT PREPARATION

  • All reagents should be allowed to reach room temperature (18-25°C) before use.
  • For each test run, prepare a fresh standard set.
  • Dilute 20 ng/mL standard to 5 ng/mL. Prepare two-fold serial dilutions of the 5 ng/mL Standard with Standard/Sample Diluent:
    • 5 ng/mL: 0.15 mL of 20 ng/mL+ 0.45 mL of Standard/Sample Diluent
  • 2.5 ng/mL: 0.25 mL of 5 ng/mL+ 0.25 mL of Standard /Sample Diluent
  • 1.25 ng/mL: 0.25 mL of 2.5 ng/ml + 0.25 mL of Standard/Sample Diluent
  • 0.625 ng/mL: 0.25 mL of 1.25 ng/mL + 0.25 mL of Standard/Sample Diluent
  • 0.313 ng/mL: 0.25 mL of 0.625 ng/mL + 0.25 mL of Standard/Sample Diluent
  • 0.156 ng/mL: 0.25 mL of 0.313 ng/mL + 0.25 mL of Standard Diluent
  • 0.078 ng/mL: 0.25 mL of 0.156 ng/mL + 0.25 mL of Standard Diluent
  • 0 ng/mL: 0.25 mL of Standard Diluent
  • Patient samples need to be diluted 4-fold prior to use. Prepare a series of small tubes (i.e., 1.5 mL microcentrifuge tubes) and mix 60 µL of serum with 180 µLStandard/Sample Diluent.
  • Working Wash Buffer: Preparation of 1X Wash Buffer from 20X Stock. Add 50 mL of 20X Wash Buffer Stock to 950 mL of DI H2O. The Working Wash Buffer is stable at 2-8°C for 30 days. NOTE: Any crystals that may be present due to high salt concentration must be redissolved at room temperature before making the dilution.

ASSAY PROCEDURE

  • Prepare Standards. See Reagent Preparation.
  • Dilute samples 1:4 dilution. See Reagent Preparation.
  • Secure the desired number of coated wells in the holder.
  • Dispense 100 m L of PD-L1 standards, and DILUTED specimens into the appropriate wells.
  • Incubate for 60 minutes at room temperature (18-25 °C).
  • Remove incubation mixture by flicking plate contents into a waste container. Rinse and flick the microtiter wells 5 times with 300 m L Working Wash Buffer. Strike the wells onto absorbent paper or paper towels to remove all residual water droplets.
  • Dispense 100 m L of PD-L1 Working Enzyme Conjugate Reagent into each well.
  • Incubate for 60 minutes at room temperature (18-25 °C).
  • Remove incubation mixture by flicking plate contents into a waste container. Rinse and flick the microtiter wells 5 times with 300 uL Working Wash Buffer. Strike the wells onto absorbent paper or paper towels to remove all residual water droplets.
  • Dispense 100 mL TMB solution into each well.
  • Incubate for 30 minutes at room temperature (18-25 °C).
  • Stop the reaction by adding 100 mL of Stop Solution into each well.
  • Gently mix for 30 seconds. It is important to make sure that all the blue color changes to yellow color compley.
  • Read absorbance at 450 nm with a microtiter well reader within 15 minutes.

CALCULATION OF RESULTS

  • Calculate the mean absorbance value (OD450) for each set of reference standards, controls and samples.
  • Construct a standard curve by plotting the mean absorbance obtained for each reference standard against its concentration in ng/ml on graph paper, with absorbance on the vertical (y) axis and concentration on the horizontal (x) axis.
  • The corresponding concentration of PD-L1 (ng/mL) can be determined from the standard curve using the mean absorbance value for each sample. Depending on experience and/or the availability of computer capability, other methods of data reduction may be employed.
  • The obtained values of the samples should be multiplied by the dilution factor of 4 to obtain PD-L1 results in ng/ml.

EXAMPLE OF STANDARD CURVE

Results of a typical standard run with absorbency readings at 450 nm shown on the Y axis against PD-L1 concentrations shown on the X axis. NOTE: This standard curve is for the purpose of illustration only, and should not be used to calculate unknowns. Each laboratory must generate its own data and standard curve in each experiment.

 

PD-L1

Absorbance

(ng/ml)

(450 nm)

0

0.042

0.078

0.141

0.156

0.236

0.313

0.415

0.625

0.726

1.25

1.283

2.5

2.100

5

3.053

 

nm

3.5

 

 

 

 

 

3

 

 

 

 

 

(450

 

 

 

 

 

2.5

 

 

 

 

 

2

 

 

 

 

 

Absorbance

 

 

 

 

 

1.5

 

 

 

 

 

1

 

 

 

 

 

0.5

 

 

 

 

 

0

 

 

 

 

 

 

0

1

2

3

4

5

 

 

 

PD-L1 Conc. (ng/ml)

 

 

PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS

  • Sensitivity

The minimum detectable concentration of the PD-L1 ELISA assay as measured by 2SD from the mean of a zero standard is estimated to be 0.02 ng/ml.

  • Precision
  • Intra-Assay Precision

Within-run precision was determined by replicate determinations of three different samples in one assay. Within-assay variability is shown below:

 

Sample

1

2

3

# Replicates

24

24

24

Mean PD-L1 (ng/mL)

1.5

3.0

7.4

S.D.

0.04

0.05

0.18

C.V. (%)

2.4%

1.6%

2.4%

2

  • Inter-Assay Precision

Between-run precision was determined by replicate measurements of three different samples over a series of individually calibrated assays. Between-assay variability is shown below:

 

Sample

1

2

3

# Replicates

20

20

20

Mean PD-L1 (ng/mL)

1.6

3.0

7.4

S.D.

0.04

0.12

0.26

C.V. (%)

2.5%

4.1%

3.5%

 

  • Recovery and Linearity Studies

 

  • Recovery

Samples were spiked with known PD-L1 levels and assayed in duplicate. The mean recovery was 90%.

 

Sample

EXPECTED

OBSERVED

% RECOVERY

 

[PD-L1]

[PD-L1]

 

 

(ng/mL)

(ng/mL)

 

1

2

1.8

90%

2

5

4.6

92%

3

10

8.9

89%

 

  • Linearity

Three samples were serially diluted to determine linearity. The mean recovery was 110.3%.

 

#

Dilution

Expected

Observed

 

 

 

Conc. (ng/ml)

Conc. (ng/ml)

% Expected

1.

1:4

1.6

1.6

N/A

 

1:8

 

1.7

106.3%

 

1:16

 

1.7

106.3%

 

1:32

 

1.8

112.5%

 

 

 

 

Mean = 108.4%

2.

1:4

3.7

3.7

N/A

 

1:8

 

4.0

108.1%

 

1:16

 

4.0

108.1%

 

1:32

 

4.1

110.8%

 

 

 

 

Mean = 109.0%

 

 

 

 

 

3.

1:4

7.4

7.4

N/A

 

1:8

 

8.3

112.2%

 

1:16

 

8.6

116.2%

 

1:32

 

8.3

112.2%

Mean = 113.5%

REFERENCES

 

  • Herbst, Roy S., et al. “Predictive correlates of response to the

anti-PD-L1 antibody MPDL3280A in cancer

patients.” Nature 515.7528 (2014): 563.

  • Pa, Sandip Pravin, and Razelle Kurzrock. “PD-L1 expression as a predictive biomarker in cancer immunotherapy.” Molecular cancer therapeutics 14.4 (2015): 847-856.
  • Topalian, Suzanne L., Charles G. Drake, and Drew M. Pardoll. “Targeting the PD-1/B7-H1 (PD-L1) pathway to activate anti-tumor immunity.” Current opinion in immunology 24.2 (2012): 207-212.
  • Blank, Christian, and Andreas Mackensen. “Contribution of the PD-L1/PD-1 pathway to T-cell exhaustion: an update on implications for chronic infections and tumor evasion.” Cancer immunology, immunotherapy 56.5 (2007): 739-745.
  • Barber, Daniel L., et al. “Restoring function in exhausted CD8 T cells during chronic viral infection.” Nature 439.7077 (2006): 682.
  • Teng, Michele WL, et al. “Classifying cancers based on T-cell infiltration and PD-L1.” Cancer research 75.11 (2015): 2139-2145.

 

部分产品如下:

货号 品名 Tests/Kit 规格 品牌
70748 Mouse Monoclonal anti-human PD-1 (Capture) Purified 0.1/0.5/1 mg BioCheck
70749 Mouse Monoclonal anti-human PD-1 (Capture) Purified 0.1/0.5/1 mg BioCheck
70750 Mouse Monoclonal anti-human PD-1 (Detection) Purified 0.1/0.5/1 mg BioCheck
70751 Mouse Monoclonal anti-human PD-L1 (Capture) Purified 0.1/0.5/1 mg BioCheck
70752 Mouse Monoclonal anti-human PD-L1 (Capture) Purified 0.1/0.5/1 mg BioCheck
70753 Mouse Monoclonal anti-human PD-L1 (Detection) Purified 0.1/0.5/1 mg BioCheck
70745 Mouse monoclonal anti-human Lp-PLA2 (Capture) Purified 0.5 mg BioCheck
70746 Mouse monoclonal anti-human Lp-PLA2 (Detection) Purified 0.5 mg BioCheck
70747 Mouse monoclonal anti-human Lp-PLA2 (Detection) Purified 0.5 mg BioCheck

 

BioCheck新产品BC-1301 说明书

世界*实验材料供应商 BioCheck上海金畔生物为其中国代理, BioCheck在一直是行业的*,一直为广大科研客户提供zui为的产品和服务,上海金畔生物一直秉承为中国科研客户带来的产品,的服务, BioCheck就是为了给广大科研客户带来更加完善的产品和服务,您的满意将是我们zui大的收获

 BioCheck中国代理, BioCheck上海代理, BioCheck北京代理,BioCheck广东代理, BioCheck江苏代理BioCheck湖北代理,BioCheck天津,BioCheck黑龙江代理,BioCheck内蒙古代理,BioCheck吉林代理,BioCheck福建代理, BioCheck江苏代理, BioCheck浙江代理, BioCheck四川代理

BIOCHECK公司由创始人 Dr. John Chen, Medix创立, 是一家抓也提供肿瘤标志物,心肌标志物,激素类zui高性价比的抗体的公司。
  

简要原理

利用竞争酶联免疫方法,预先在微孔中包被羊抗兔抗体,实验时先后加入氯霉素标准品或待测样本,氯霉素酶标抗原和兔抗氯霉素抗体。经过室温温育,反应液中的兔抗氯霉素抗体与微孔板上的羊抗兔抗体结合,待测样品中的抗原与氯霉素酶标抗原竞争微孔板上的兔抗氯霉素抗体。洗涤后,没有与抗

体结合的待测样品中的抗原或酶标抗原被洗去,再加入反应底物,结合的酶标抗原的酶将底物转化为蓝色产物,加入终止液后颜色由蓝色变为黄色。反应完成后,样品中氯霉素含量越多,反应呈色就越浅;反之,样品中氯霉素含量越少,则呈色越深。利用标准曲线可计算出样品中氯霉素含量。

技术参数

   检测蜂蜜、蛋类、牛奶、奶粉、水产品、动物组织(肌肉、肝脏等)、饲料、血清、血浆及尿液样本中存在的氯霉素,定量限可达0.025 ppb。

No.

样品

检测下限

1

蜂蜜

0.02 ppb (0.02 ng/g)

2

蛋类

0.02 ppb (0.02 ng/g)

3

牛奶

0.002 ppb (0.002 ng/ml)

4

奶粉

0.012 ppb (0.012 ng/g)

5

虾,鱼及肉类

0.08 ppb (0.08 ng/g)

6

饲料

0.08 ppb (0.08 ng/g)

7

血清/血浆

0.02 ppb (0.02 ng/ml)

8

尿液

0.04 ppb (0.04 ng/ml)

 

交叉反应

名称

百分比

氯霉素碱

0.4%

甲基氯霉素

<0.04%

 

回收率                                        

No.

样品

回收率

1

蜂蜜

70% ~ 110%

2

牛奶

90% ~ 130%

3

蛋,虾,鱼及肉类

95% ~ 120%

4

饲料

95% ~ 120%

5

血清 / 血浆

90% ~ 120%

6

尿液

100% ~ 130%

 

PD-1 ENZYME IMMUNOASSAY TEST KIT

Catalog Number: BC-1301

Enzyme Immunoassay for the Quantitative Determination of PD- 1 Concentration in Human Serum and Plasma

 

FOR RESEARCH USE ONLY

Not for use in diagnostic procedures

INTRODUCTION

Programmed cell death protein 1, (PD-1, CD279, PDCD1), is a cell surface receptor that is critical for the regulation of T cell inflammatory activity and maintains peripheral tolerance in the immune system (1). With an extracellular IgV domain, a transmembrane domain, and an intracellular tail with two phosphorylation sites (SHP-1 and SHP-2), PD- 1 is able to interact with ligands PD-L1 and PD-L2 to down-regulate the immune system and suppress T cell activity (2). Upon antigen recognition, an activated T cell expresses PD-1 on its surface and produces interferons, which induces expression of PD-L1, thereby promoting apoptosis or cell death. (3) However when hijacked by tumor cells, aberrant expression of PD-1 ligands inhibits immune-modulatory T cell activation, leading to disease progression (4).

Elevated levels of PD-1 in serum and plasma have been associated with rheumatoid arthritis and skin sclerosis (5,6). Also, PD-1 is predominantly expressed by tumor infiltrating T cells(7). Further research implies that using monoclonal antibodies to target the PD-1 immunologic checkpoint has contributed to breakthrough progress in understanding and treating cancers such as melanoma and other various non-small cell lung cancer (4).

PRINCIPLE OF THE ASSAY

The PD-1 ELISA is based on the principle of a solid phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The assay system utilizes a unique monoclonal antibody pair directed against a distinct antigenic determinant on the PD-1 molecule. One mouse monoclonal anti- PD- 1 antibody is used for solid phase immobilization (on the microtiter wells). Another mouse monoclonal anti-PD-1 antibody conjugated to horseradish peroxidase (HRP) is in the enzyme conjugate solution. The test samples are allowed to react sequentially with the two antibodies, resulting in the PD-1 molecules to be sandwiched between the solid phase and enzyme-linked antibodies. After two separate 60- minute incubation steps at room temperature, the wells are rinsed with Wash Buffer to remove unbound labeled antibodies. TMB Reagent is added and incubated

for 30 minutes under dark conditions, resulting in the development of a blue color. The color development is stopped with the addition of Stop Solution, changing the color to yellow. The concentration of PD-1 is directly proportional to the color intensity of the test samples. Absorbance is measured spectrophotometrically at 450 nm.

REAGENTS AND MATERIALS PROVIDED

  • Antibody-Coated Wells (1 plate, 96 wells)

Microtiter wells coated with mouse monoclonal anti-PD-1

  • 50 ng/ml PD-1 Standard (0.5 mL /vial)

50 ng/mL PD-1 in phosphate buffer-BSA solution with preservatives

3. Standard and Sample Diluent (30 mL/bottle, 1 bottle)

Contains phosphate buffer-BSA solution with preservatives

  • Enzyme Conjugate Reagent (12 mL/vial, 1 vial)

Contains mouse monoclonal anti-PD-1 conjugated to horseradish peroxidase

  • 20X Wash Buffer (50 mL/bottle, 1 bottle) Phosphate buffer with detergents
  • TMB Reagent (11 mL/bottle, 1 bottle)

Contains one-step TMB solution

  • Stop Solution (11 mL/bottle, 1 bottle)

Contains diluted hydrochloric acid (1N HCl)

 

STORAGE CONDITIONS

  • Store the unopened kit at 2-8°C upon receipt and when it is not in use, until the expiration shown on the kit label. Refer to the package label for the expiration date.
  • Keep microtiter plate in a sealed bag with desiccant to minimize exposure to damp air.

 

REAGENT PREPARATION

  • All reagents should be allowed to reach room temperature (18-25°C) before use.
  • For each test run, prepare a fresh standard set.
  • Dilute 50 ng/mL to 10 ng/mL with Standard/Sample diluent. Prepare two-fold serial dilutions of the 10 ng/mL Standard with Standard/Sample Diluent:
  • 10 ng/mL: 0.12 mL of 50 ng/mL + 0.48 mL of Standard/Sample Diluent
  • 5 ng/mL: 0.25 mL of 10 ng/mL+ 0.25 mL of Standard/Sample Diluent
  • 2.5 ng/mL: 0.25 mL of 5 ng/mL+ 0.25 mL of Standard /Sample Diluent
  • 1.25 ng/mL: 0.25 mL of 2.5 ng/ml + 0.25 mL of Standard/Sample Diluent
  • 0.625 ng/mL: 0.25 mL of 1.25 ng/mL + 0.25 mL of Standard/Sample Diluent
  • 0.313 ng/mL: 0.25 mL of 0.625 ng/mL + 0.25 mL of Standard/Sample Diluent
  • 0.156 ng/mL: 0.25 mL of 0.313 ng/mL + 0.25 mL of Standard Diluent
  • 0 ng/mL: 0.25 mL of Standard Diluent
  • Patient samples need to be diluted 4-fold prior to use. Prepare a series of small tubes (i.e., 1.5 mL microcentrifuge tubes) and mix 60 µL of serum with 180 µLStandard/Sample Diluent.
  • Working Wash Buffer: Preparation of 1X Wash Buffer from 20X Stock. Add 50 mL of 20X Wash Buffer Stock to 950 mL of DI H2O. The Working Wash Buffer is stable at 2-8°C for 30 days. NOTE: Any crystals that may be present due to high salt concentration must be redissolved at room temperature before making the dilution.

 

ASSAY PROCEDURE

  • Prepare Standards. See Reagent Preparation.
  • Dilute samples 1:4 dilution. See Reagent Preparation.
  • Secure the desired number of coated wells in the holder.
  • Dispense 100 mL of PD-1 standards, and DILUTED specimens into the appropriate wells.
  • Incubate for 60 minutes at room temperature (18-25 °C).
  • Remove incubation mixture by flicking plate contents into a waste container. Rinse and flick the microtiter wells 5 times with 300 m L Working Wash Buffer. Strike the wells onto absorbent paper or paper towels to remove all residual water droplets.
  • Dispense 100 mL of PD-1 Working Enzyme Conjugate Reagent into each well.
  • Incubate for 60 minutes at room temperature (18-25 °C).
  • Remove incubation mixture by flicking plate contents into a waste container. Rinse and flick the microtiter wells 5 times with 300 uL Working Wash Buffer. Strike the wells onto absorbent paper or paper towels to remove all residual water droplets.
  • Dispense 100 mL TMB solution into each well.
  • Incubate for 30 minutes at room temperature (18-25 °C).
  • Stop the reaction by adding 100 mL of Stop Solution into each well.
  • Gently mix for 30 seconds. It is important to make sure that all the blue color changes to yellow color compley.
  • Read absorbance at 450 nm with a microtiter well reader within 15 minutes.

CALCULATION OF RESULTS

  • Calculate the mean absorbance value (OD450) for each set of reference standards, controls and samples.
  • Construct a standard curve by plotting the mean absorbance obtained for each reference standard against its concentration in ng/ml on graph paper, with absorbance on the vertical (y) axis and concentration on the horizontal (x) axis.
  • The corresponding concentration of PD-1 (ng/mL) can be determined from the standard curve using the mean absorbance value for each sample. Depending on experience and/or the availability of computer capability, other methods of

data reduction may be employed.

  • The obtained values of the samples should be multiplied by the dilution factor of 4 to obtain PD-1 results in ng/ml.

EXAMPLE OF STANDARD CURVE

Results of a typical standard run with absorbency readings at 450 nm shown on the Y axis against PD -1 concentrations shown on the X axis. NOTE: This standard curve is for the purpose of illustration only, and should not be used to calculate unknowns. Each laboratory must generate its own data and standard curve in each experiment.

 

PD-1

Absorbance

(ng/ml)

(450 nm)

0

0.089

0.156

0.138

0.313

0.190

0.625

0.284

1.25

0.481

2.5

0.851

5

1.581

10

2.776

 

nm

3

 

 

 

 

 

2.5

 

 

 

 

 

(450

 

 

 

 

 

2

 

 

 

 

 

Absorbance

1.5

 

 

 

 

 

1

 

 

 

 

 

0.5

 

 

 

 

 

0

 

 

 

 

 

 

0

2

4

6

8

10

 

 

 

PD-1 Conc. (ng/ml)

 

 

PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS

  • Sensitivity

The minimum detectable concentration of the PD-1 ELISA assay as measured by 2SD from the mean of a zero standard is estimated to be 0.15 ng/ml.

 

  • Precision

 

  • Intra-Assay Precision

Within-run precision was determined by replicate determinations of three different samples in one assay. Within-assay variability is shown below:

 

Sample

1

2

3

# Replicates

24

24

24

Mean PD-1 (ng/mL)

8.4

13.2

22.9

S.D.

0.6

1.0

0.9

C.V. (%)

7.0%

7.2%

3.8%.

 

2

 

  • Inter-Assay Precision

Between-run precision was determined by replicate measurements of three different samples over a series of individually calibrated assays. Between-assay variability is shown below:

 

Sample

1

2

3

# Replicates

20

20

20

Mean PD-1 (ng/mL)

9.1

13.5

25.3

S.D.

0.8

1.1

0.9

C.V. (%)

9.2%

7.9

3.7

 

  • Recovery and Linearity Studies

 

  • Recovery

Samples were spiked with known PD-1 levels and assayed in duplicate. The mean recovery was 105.3%.

PAIR

EXPECTED

OBSERVED

% RECOVERY

NUMBER

[PD-1]

[PD-1]

 

 

(ng/mL)

(ng/mL)

 

1

8

8.8

110.0%

2

12.5

13.1

104.8%

3

25

25.3

101.2%

 

  • Linearity

Three samples were serially diluted to determine linearity. The mean recovery was 99.6%.

 

#

Dilution

Expected

Observed

 

 

 

Conc. (ng/ml)

Conc. (ng/ml)

% Expected

1.

1:2

 

10.1

114.8%

 

1:4

8.8

8.8

N/A

 

1:8

 

7.8

88.6%

 

 

 

 

Mean = 101.7%

 

 

 

 

 

2.

1:2

 

14.5

110.6%

 

1:4

13.1

13.1

N/A

 

1:8

 

11.6

88.5%

 

 

 

 

Mean = 99.6%

3.

1:2

 

26.5

104.7%

 

1:4

25.3

25.3

N/A

 

1:8

 

23.0

90.0%

Mean = 97.4%

REFERENCES

  • Fife, B. T., & Pauken, K. E. (2011). The role of the PD-1 pathway in autoimmunity and peripheral tolerance. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1217(1), 45-59.
  • Riella, L. V., Paterson, A. M., Sharpe, A. H., & Chandraker, A. (2012). Role of the PD-1 Pathway in the Immune Response. American Journal of Transplantation : Official Journal of the American Society of

Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant

Surgeons, 12(10), 2575–2587.

  • Zak, Krzysztof & Ki, Radosław & Przetocka, Sara & Golik, Przemysław & Guzik, Katarzyna & Musielak, Bogdan & Dömling, Alexander & Dubin, Grzegorz & Holak, Tad. (2015). Structure of the Complex of Human Programmed Death 1, PD-1, and Its Ligand PD-L1. Structure. 23. . 10.1016/j.str.2015.09.010.
  • Zoran Gatalica, Carrie Snyder, Todd Maney, Anatole Ghazalpour, Daniel Holterman, Nianqing Xiao, Peggy Overberg, Inga Rose, Gargi D. Basu, Semir Vranic, Henry T. Lynch, Daniel D. Von Hoff and Omid Hamid. Programmed Cell Death 1 (PD-1) and Its Ligand (PD-L1) in Common Cancers and Their Correlation with Molecular Cancer Type.

Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. December 1 2014 (23) (12) 2965-2970.

  • Greisen, S., Rasmussen, T., Stengaard-Pedersen, K., Hetland, M., Hørslev-Petersen, K., Hvid, M., & Deleuran, B. (2013). Increased

soluble programmed death-1 (sPD-1) is associated with disease activity and radiographic progression in early rheumatoid arthritis. Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology,43(2), 101-108.

  • Yanaba, K., Hayashi, M., Yoshihara, Y., & Nakagawa, H. (2016). Serum levels of soluble programmed death-1 and programmed death ligand-1 in systemic sclerosis: Association with extent of skin sclerosis. The Journal of Dermatology,43(8), 954-957.
  • Ahmadzadeh, M., Johnson, L. A., Heemskerk, B., Wunderlich, J. R., Dudley, M. E., White, D. E., & Rosenberg, S. A. (2009). Tumor antigen–specific CD8 T cells infiltrating the tumor express high levels of PD-1 and are functionally impaired. Blood, 114(8), 1537–1544.

 

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